Health unit warns extreme cold can be dangerous - Here’s how to stay safe

Extreme cold temperatures send a chill across much of Ontario. (CTV News)

The Simcoe Muskoka District Health Unit (SMDHU) is urging residents to take precautions as winter temperatures settle across the region, warning exposure to extreme cold can cause serious and potentially life-threatening health issues.

According to the health unit, extreme cold warnings are issued by Environment and Climate Change Canada when temperatures or wind chills remain below certain thresholds for at least two hours.

In Simcoe County, the threshold is -30C, while in the District of Muskoka it is -35C.

While cold weather can affect anyone, some groups are at higher risk.

SMDHU says infants and children, older adults, people with certain medical conditions, those taking specific medications such as beta-blockers, newcomers to Canada, and people without adequate shelter are particularly vulnerable. People who spend long periods outdoors for work or recreation should also take extra care.

Experts say cold temperatures can aggravate respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, and can increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes. These effects may appear several days after exposure. The health unit advises anyone experiencing symptoms of a heart attack, stroke, or other medical emergency to call 911 immediately.

Exposure to extreme cold can also lead to hypothermia, frostbite, and frostnip, SMDHU warns. Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it, while frostnip and frostbite are cold-related skin injuries that can worsen if untreated. The health unit emphasizes seeking immediate medical attention if hypothermia or frostbite is suspected.

To stay safe, the health unit recommends checking local weather reports before going outside and dressing in layers with moisture-wicking inner clothing, insulating middle layers, and wind-resistant outer layers. Hats, gloves or mittens, neck warmers, warm socks, and waterproof boots are essential, and wet clothing should be changed promptly. Sunglasses, lip balm, sunscreen, face masks, and goggles are advised for outdoor winter activities to protect from UV rays, windburn, and frostbite.

SMHDU notes other safety tips include staying active to maintain blood flow, drinking warm fluids (avoiding alcohol and caffeine), seeking shelter from the wind, taking breaks in heated buildings, and regularly checking on neighbours, friends, and family.

The health unit also emphasizes warming spaces are available throughout Simcoe Muskoka where the public can find relief from the cold during regular hours.